By 1823 the eastern part of the island, including Palembang, was under Dutch control. Alarmed by such developments, the Dutch initiated policies of colonial expansion in the Outer Islands (see Glossary), which brought all the land area of modern Indonesia, with the exception of Portuguese Timor, under their control.ĭutch expansion began first in neighboring Sumatra. In the 1840s, the British established a presence in northern Kalimantan (North Borneo), where James Brooke made himself the first "White Rajah" of Sarawak. Pirates flourished in the power vacuum, making Indonesian waters among the most dangerous in the world. The languages in Papua New Guinea are thought to number 826 (the most of any country in the world), with those of Western New Guinea numbering 267.Both the British occupation of the archipelago during the Napoleonic Wars and the Java War seriously weakened Dutch authority outside of Java. The island has the most languages anywhere in the world. ![]() The eastern half of the island is the independent state of Papua New Guinea while the western half is part of Indonesia and is known as Western New Guinea. The linguistic diversity on this island is the definition of mind-boggling. New Guinea is the second-largest island in the world. New Guinea - The Island With Many Languages Some of its more remarkable animals include the Sumatran ground cuckoo, the Sumatran tiger, the Sumatran elephant, the Sumatran rhinoceros, and the Sumatran orangutan. Unfortunately, the island has lost around 50% of its rainforests in the last 35 years and many of its unique species are critically endangered.
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